Building construction



Ressued Dec. 1, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Original No. 1,870,967, dated August 9. 1932, Serial No. 488,775, October 15, 1930. Application for reissue October 16, 1936, Serial No..106,046

13 Claims.

'Ihis invention relates to an improved building construction adapted to combining reinforced cementitious material with stone or brick work.

An object oi' the invention is to provide means for housing the metallic reinforced members in' a more complete and satisfactory manner and in such a situation that they will not be unduly expanded or contracted by change of temperature. i

Another object ofthe invention is-to provide f a structure of the character stated which may be erected at a low cost and which may be assembled in a more rapid and efcient manner.

Still another object of the invention is to provide, in conjunction with other improved features of the invention, a series of metallic tie pieces which cooperate with each other and with the-remaining metallic parts of the reinforcing structure, in an improved and more eflicient manner.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a wall structure of a superior shock withstanding character wherein a greater rigidity is maintained throughout the center joint of the wall than exists at the bed joints thereof, thereby adapting the wall to resist a greater shock without a complete collapse.

Other objects, advantages and features of lnventlon may hereinafter appear.

Referring to the accompanying' drawing which illustrates what is at present deemed to be a pre` ferred embodiment of the invention,

Figure 1 is a sectional end view of a wall constructed according to the principles of the invention, the sectioned portion of the viewbelng vtaken on line I--I of Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of a portion of the wall shown in Figure 1 taken on line 2-2 of the latter view.

40 Figure 3 is a plan view of a fragment of the wall, certain reinforcing elements being sectimed. A "j Figure 4 is a side elevation of one of the metallic tie pieces.

Referring in-detail to the drawing, the wall structure shown comprises two vertical wall units' A and B vwhich are placed side by side in parallel spaced relation to each other in order to receive between them a iilling of cement C in the when it has hardened adheres firmly both to the metallic and other elements of the structure with which it comes into contact, thus cementing the whole structure iirmly together.

vSaidwallunitsAandBintheiJlustrated form of a grout which ilows readily and whichv form of the invention, are of identical construction and are made up from the individual brick or other solid building elements 1. Each of said bricks has in its upper `face or edge portion recesses 8 which receive the downwardly directed end portions 9 of the tie pieces I0 and I0a shown in detail in Figure 4.

'The tie pieces I0 shown in Figure 1 are arranged in transverse sets,`while in Figures 2 and 3 are illustrated not only the transverse tie pieces III, but also the longitudinally extending'tie pieces IIla, each recess 9 being occupied not only with the end portion of a tie piece I0, but also with the end portion of a tie piece Illa. 'I'he tie pieces I D are intersected by the longitudinal tie rods I2 and, during the building of the structure, are held to said rods I2 by means of tie pieces I3 of small wire.

ter being embedded within the cement core C in spaced relation to the brick work. Said tie rods I5 intersect the longitudinal tie rods I2 and where these intersections take place are tied to them -by means of small wire or likematerial I6.

In the preferred form of brick shown, each brick is provided along one edge face thereof with a longitudinal bevel 20 and with end bevels' 2I. The bevels 20 may be at an angle of approximately 45 degrees, and thebevels 2I be steeper, say 30 degrees, as shown. Opposite to the bevel 20 each brick is provided with the usual right angled corner, and when the bricks are assembled in the wall units A and B, this right angled corner is stationed at the outer face of the structure. When the bricks are assembled the bevels 20 and 2| cooperate with each other to provide adequate space-for the mortar, grout and tie pieces as will be more clearly understood from the description following.

'I'he various courses of bricks are united in proper vertically spaced relation to each other by means of the usual mortar layers or elements 30, these mortar elements, however, occupying only the outer portion of the wall, the space between them as well as between the bricks which they unite being filled in by the grout C already mentioned.

In Figure 1 is illustrated the preferred method of embedding within the wall a transverse'oor beam or girder 35, channel-shaped in cross section. This beam 35 has the ends of the adjacent vertical rods I5 welded thereto at I5a as shown. Said channel-shaped beam is so positioned that each of its flanges extends Into a space between two courses `of brick, or may be otherwise positioned. if desired.

The cementitious material which occupies the center joint between the wall units A and B is of a harder more resisting character than the lime mortar which forms the bed joints 30. The center joint being provided not only with the hardest and strongest cement, but also being strongly reinforced by the vertical rods I5, in its combination with the less resisting bed joints 30 nearer the sides of the wall will provide a shock resisting wall which will not collapse even though some breakage may occur at the bed joints 30 when the wall is subjected to shock.

In building up the wall structure which has been described, a metallic frame work comprising the plurality of upright tie rods and girders 35,

together withiother elements (not shown), will first be put in place, the lower. ends of the lowest rods I5 being ranchored in the' foundation F, the upper ends of these rods being located at the level to be occupied by the first floor beam 35. Then the lowest course of brick will be put in place for each of the umts A and B, these courses of brick being put inl parallel spaced relation to each other with the upright rods I5 between and in spaced relation to them. Then the transverse tie pieces I and longitudinal tie pieces Illa will be put in place as best shown in Figure .3 and the horizontal rod I2 will -next be wired to the transverse tie pieces I0 by small wire I3. Thereupon the upright rods I5 will each be wired by small wire I6 to the horizontal rod I2. Next the second course ing the steel girders.

of brick will be laid in place upon the lower course, and then the second set of ,transverse tie pieces III and longitudinal tie pieces Illa will be put in place and the small tie wires I3 and I6 applied as already described. The third course of brick, assum'ing the wall to be built as in Figure 1 will now be put in place. 'I'his will bring the wall up to the level of the iloor beam 35. 'I'he cement in the form of grout may now be poured in between the two wall units A and B, said space thus being filled with cement up nearly to the top of the upright tie pieces Il.

'I'he use of the door beam 35 and the particular method of building the wall which has been set forth is only intended to be suggestive, it being understood that in many instances a diil'erent procedure will be followed. The invention is applicablev to building wall structures according to a variety of ddesigns of wall building not employ- The invention includes not only the general wall structure which has been described, but also the specific individual bricks formed with the recesses and chamfered edge portions which have been described. The chamfering of each brick along its end edge facilitates the iiow of cement grout from the central portion of the structure toward each side thereof.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific construction illustrated-in the drawing, but that variations therein, within the scope of the appended claims, may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Por example, the use of small wire to tie the upright, and transverse metallic reinforcing elements together may not be necessary and will only be used if thought desirable.

I claim; 1. In a building construction for walls, a pair of adjacent upright units having inner faces which are in parall spaced relation to each other. each of said wall units beingcomposed of of thebrick and to the aforementioned tie rod and metallic structure.

2. In a building construction for Walls, a pair of adjacent upright wall units having inner faces which are in parallel spaced relation to each other, each of said wall units being composed of courses of solid building elements, the building elements of said courses at vone side of the wall being each beveled away to the upper edge of its inner face toward the mid-width of the. wall, oppositely disposed bevels vthusv being provided which enlarge the space between said wall units, a substantially horizontal tie rod located in the enlarged space thus provided, transversely extending metallic structure to which said tie rod is secured,`and;a cementitious lling occupying the space between said courses together with said enlarged space and adhering to the inner faces r elements of said courses at one side of the wall being each beveled away to an edge of its inner face toward the mid-width of the wall, oppositely disposed bevelsl thus being provided which enlarge the space between said wall umts. a cementitious i'llling occupying the space between said courses together with said enlarged space, and reinforcing metallic elements which intersect each other` within said enlarged space.

4. In a wall structure, two upright series of building blocks arranged inL courses; said courses forming spaced wall units,said units having nonmetallic bonding reinforcing means between them, said means including a uniting bond of resistant grout lling provided at the point of juncture of the blocks with an enlarged core presenting substantial supporting areas, said blocks being provided with seats for said enlarged core and separated to provide angularly disposed intersecting mortar joints aligned with the faces of said enlarged core whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased cross-sectional area for the grout where the grout joins the mortar joints to givein'creased adhesion surfaces for the grout aligned with the mortar joint, said mortar joints combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure. the mortar in the wall joints being less resistant than the grout to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without collapse.

5. In a wall structure, two upright series of building blpcksmrranged in courses, said courses forming spaced wall units, said units having nonmetallic bonding andreinforcing means between them, said means including a uniting bond of resistant grout illling provided with outwardly extending symmetrical ribs each presenting a beveled supporting face pmionofmhstanmareassiablockspinru terminating m an edge/ arated to provide angularly disposed intersecting .mortar Yjoints aligned with the edge portion formed by the faces of said symmetrical ribs. whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased and uniform cross-sectional area for the grout where the grout joins the mortar joints, to give increased adhesion surfaces aligned with the mortar joint for the grout, said mortar joints combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure, the mortar in the wall joints being less resistant than the grout to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without collapse.

6. In a wall structure, two upright series of building blocks arranged in courses, said courses forming spaced wall units, said units having nonmetallic bonding and reinforcing means between them, said means including a uniting bond of resistant grout filling provided on its opposite faces with outwardly extending' symmetrical ribs each presenting a beveled supporting face terminating in an edge portion of substantial area, said blocks being separated to provide angularly disposed intersecting mortar joints aligned with the edge portion formed by the faces of said symmetrical ribs, whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased and uniform crosssectional area for the grout where the grout joins the mortar joints, tof give increased adhesion surface aligned with the mortar joint for the grout, said motar joints combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure, the mortar in the wall joints being less resistant than the grout and being sufcienftly compressible to permit the wall to withstand\greater shock without collapse.

'1. In a wall structure, two upright series of building blocks arranged in courses, said courses forming spaced lwall units, said` units having nonmetallic bonding and reinforcing means between them, said means including a uniting bond of resistant grout lling provided on its opposite faces in staggered relation to one another with outwardly extending symmetrical ribs each presenting a beveled 4supporting face terminating in r an edge portion of substantial area, said blocks being separated to provide angularly disposed intersecting mortar joints aligned with the edge portion formed by the faces of said symmetrical ribs, whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased and uniform cross-sectional area for the grout 'where the grout joins the mortar joints to give increased adhesion surfaces aligned with the mortar joint for the grout,

said mortar joints combining with the 'grout to' increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure, the mortar in the wall joints being less resistant fthan the grout to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without co1- lapse.

8. Ina wall structure, two upright series of building blocks arranged in oifset courses, said courses forming spaced wall units, said units having non-metalic bonding and reinforcing means between them', said means including a uniting bond of resistantgrout lling provided on its oppositesfaces in staggered relation to one another with outwardly extending symmetrical ribs presenting a beveled supporting face terminating in an edge of substantial area, said blocks being separated to provide angularly disposed intersecting mortar joints aligned with the edge portion formed by the faces of said symmetrical ribs, whereby the inner face of each block provides an'increased and uniform crosssectional area for the grout where the grout joins y vthe wall joints being less resistant than the grout to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without collapse.

9. In a wall structure, two upright series of building blocks arranged in courses, said courses forming spacedk wallunits, said units having nonmetallic bonding reinforcing means between them, said means including a uniting bond of resistant grout filling provided at the point of juncture of the blocks with an enlarged core presenting substantial ysupporting areas, said blocks being provided with seats for said enlarged core and separated to provide angularly disposed intersecting mortar joints aligned with the faces of said enlarged core whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased cross-sectional area for the grout where the grout joins the mortar joints to give increased adhesion surfaces for the grout aligned with the mortar joint, said mortar joints combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure, the mortar in the wall joints beihg less resistant than the grout arated to provide angularly, disposed intersecting j mortar joints aligned'with the edge portion formed by the face of said symmetrical ribs, whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased and uniform cross-sectional area..

for the grout where the grout joins the mortar joints, to give increased adhesion surfaces aligned with the mortar joint for the grout, said mortar joints combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties ofthe wall structure, the mortar in the vwall joints being less resistant than the grout to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without collapse, and reinforcing meallic elements ,intersecting each other within said enlarged core.

11. In a wall structure, two upright series of building blocks arranged in courses, `said courses formingv spaced wall units, said units having nonmetallic bonding and reinforcing means between them, said means including a uniting bond of resistant grout filling provided on its opposite faces with outwardly extending symmetrical ribs each presenting a beveled supporting face terminating in an edge portion of substantial area, said blocks `being separated to provide angularly disposed injoints combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure, the mortar in the wall joints being less resistant than the grout and being suiliciently compressible to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without collapse, and horizontally and vertically tion formed by the faces of said symmetrical ribs, i

whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased and uniform cross-sectional area for the grout where the grout joins the mortar joints, to giveincreased adhesion surfaces aligned with the mortar joint for the grout, said mortar joints combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure, the mortar in the wall joints being less resistant than the grout to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without collapse, and substantially horizontally and vertically disposed metallic elements building blocks arranged in offsetcourses, said courses forming spaced wall units, said units having non-metallic bonding and reinforcing means between them, said means including a uniting bond of resistant grout filling provided on its opposite faces in staggered relation to one another with outwardly extending symmetrical ribs presenting a beveled supporting face terminating in an edge of substantial area, said blocks being separated to provide angularly disposed intersecting mortar joints aligned with the edge portion formed by the faces of said symmetrical ribs, whereby the inner face of each block provides an increased and uniformcross-sectional area for the grout where the grout joins the mortar Joints, to give increased adhesion surfaces aligned with the mortar joint for the grout, said mortar joints offset from one another on opposite sides of the Wall combining with the grout to increase the strain resisting properties of the wall structure, the mortar in the wall Joints being less resistant than the grout to permit the wall to withstand greater shock without colla'pse, and substantially horizontally and vertically disposed spaced metallic elements within said enlarged core.

` WALTER R. siMoNs.

13. In a wall structure; two upright series of 

